Auditing and optimizing communication path routes

ABSTRACT

Example embodiments of the present invention may include a method and apparatus configured determine an optimal routing path to route a call through a network. One example method may include retrieving and parsing a routing table and storing the parsed routing information in a routing database. The method may also include determining a plurality of routes that could be used to route the call through the network by applying at least one cost metric to the plurality of determined routes. The method may also include determining an order of the plurality of routes used to route the call, and create a route used to route the call based on the determined order of the plurality of routes.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a method and apparatus of auditing routinginformation of communication path routes to determine an optimal pathused to route a call.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Voice and data communication routing may experience high levels of datatraffic. There are various levels of switching components operating inan integrated communication network including local telephony, longdistance telephony, mobile networks, etc. Each switch and networkelement operating within the data communication network routes voiceand/or data traffic based on a source and destination. Route data usedto route and switch the data traffic may be stored, updated andretrieved from multiple different network devices operating within thecommunication network. The routing data may experience frequent updatesfrom one or more of the communication switches during a routingprocedure. It may be necessary to retrieve and weigh each of the routingpossibilities based on more than one routing metric or criteria.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An example embodiment may provide a method of determining an optimalrouting path. The method may include retrieving at least one routingtable, parsing the at least one routing table and storing the parsedrouting information in a routing database, determining a plurality ofroutes that could be used to route the call through the network byapplying at least one cost metric to the plurality of determined routes.The method may also include determining an order of the plurality ofroutes used to route the call, and creating a route used to route thecall based on the plurality of routes and the determined order of theplurality of routes.

Another example embodiment of the present invention may include anapparatus configured to determine an optimal routing path. The apparatusmay include a receiver configured to retrieve at least one routing tablefrom a memory. The apparatus may also include a processor configured toparse the at least one routing table and store the parsed routinginformation in a routing database, determine a plurality of routes thatcould be used to route the call through the network by applying at leastone cost metric to the plurality of determined routes, determine anorder of the plurality of routes used to route the call, and create aroute used to route the call based on the plurality of routes and thedetermined order of the plurality of routes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example network configuration according to exampleembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example table illustrating rule sets andcorresponding routing records according to example embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 2B illustrates another example table illustrating rule sets andhierarchy routing records according to example embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 2C illustrates an example hierarchy according to exampleembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2D illustrates a switch route logic diagram according to exampleembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2E illustrates a hierarchy within a particular level according toexample embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2F illustrates an example route diagram illustrating the routedetermination process according to example embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2G illustrates an example route table illustrating the routesettings and applied rates according to example embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates a system diagram of a routing entity configured toprovide one or more routing operations corresponding to the exampleembodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a network entity that may include memory, softwarecode and other computer processing hardware, and which may be configuredto perform operations according to example embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram corresponding to an example embodimentof the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It will be readily understood that the components of the presentinvention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein,may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of differentconfigurations. Thus, the following detailed description of theembodiments of a method, apparatus, and system, as represented in theattached figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention asclaimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of theinvention.

The features, structures, or characteristics of the invention describedthroughout this specification may be combined in any suitable manner inone or more embodiments. For example, the usage of the phrases “exampleembodiments”, “some embodiments”, or other similar language, throughoutthis specification refers to the fact that a particular feature,structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodimentmay be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention.Thus, appearances of the phrases “example embodiments”, “in someembodiments”, “in other embodiments”, or other similar language,throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the samegroup of embodiments, and the described features, structures, orcharacteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments.

A call routing and/or path determination procedure may be used toidentify optimum communication routes and optimize existing or knowncommunication routes. Path finding and discovery may be performed byidentifying new and updated route information. There may be foursub-procedures used to perform the path finding audit procedureaccording to example embodiments. The sub-procedures may include adownload, pre-audit, rules sets & hierarchy identification, and theactual audit itself. The path determination procedure/application may beused to select an optimal route to transmit each call.

Each call (e.g., landline, VoIP, cellular, etc.) placed and/or receivedmay have a corresponding numbering plan area (NPA) and correspondinglocal numbering range (NXX) range. The NPA/NXX ranges are numbers thatare used by telephone switches to route calls in the public switchedtelephone network (PSTN). The NPA is often referred to as the area code,and is the first three digits of an individual telephone number. The NXXis the second group of three digits and are typically associated with anend office telephone switch. So the number ‘214-570’ would be the firstsix digits of a ten digit telephone number. The 214 would be the NPA(area code) and the 570 would be the local NXX part of the range. The214-570 range would start at 2145700000 and go to 2145709999. EachNPA-NXX range is comprised of ten thousand individual telephone numbers.

There are generally four sub-procedures used to perform the path findingaudit procedure according to example embodiments. The downloadsub-procedure section of the path determination procedure may performretrieving and/or gathering of data tables (e.g., routing tables, IPaddress information, etc.) from the various switches in the wirelessprovider's network. These switch tables are then parsed and placed intotables within the audit procedure application database. The tables arestored locally at network devices throughout the network. The parsingcreates a new set of data customized for the target user's device andthe corresponding MSC to route calls based on the parsed data. Thenetwork switches themselves have these tables stored in their databasesthroughout the network. When the tables are downloaded from theswitches, they are provided to one centralized path determinationdatabase as a new set of data. When that table information is parsed itmay then be customized for use within the path determinationapplication. The data is used to emulate how the switch itself wouldroute calls through its tables, and out to the final route. The storeddata is located in a database and accessed when a pre-audit isperformed.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network according to exampleembodiments. Referring to FIG. 1, a communication network 100 mayinclude an end user 102 operating a mobile station 104, which in turn,communicates to a base station 105. Voice and/or data communications maybe initiated by any user of a communication device (e.g., telephone,mobile phone, smartphone, table computing device, laptop, personalcomputer, etc.). The base station 105 communicates with a mobileswitching center (MSC) 108. Additional network elements may includeadditional MSCs 106, tandem switching centers 116 and 118, a longdistance (PSTN) backbone 114, and end offices 110 and 112.

The communication signaling conducted over the network 100 may includevoice telephony communication signaling for both landline and wirelesscommunications. The various components include MSCs 106 and 108, endoffices 110 and 112, and tandem switching centers 116 and 118, which areused to identify the various paths (Routes #1-#5) used to route acommunication session (e.g., voice call, data call, packets, etc.)established between two or more endpoints (e.g., landline phones,smartphones, mobile computing devices, etc.).

Referring to FIG. 1, the two MSC's 106 and 108 are connected to eachother by an inter-machine trunk (IMT). The IMT is an internal route usedto connect a carrier's own switches. Each of the lines drawn between theMSC's and the other network elements represent routes that a call may berouted across the network (i.e., routes #1-5). According to one example,a routing case from MSC 106 might include the following route, RC 1: 1.Route 1, 2. Route 2, and 3. Route 4. If an NPA/NXX such as (214-570) wasassigned to this routing case, the path determination application wouldproduce the current switch data for this NPA/NXX example to include: NPANXX Route—Routing Case 214 570 Route 1—RC 1.

The pre-audit sub-procedure for the path determination applicationemulates each switching technology in an effort to determine how a callis routed through a switch. Other methods for determining a currentrouting path could be used, such as collecting the routing informationfrom one table in the switch where all ranges have their routing caseand or route information displayed, and no switch routing emulation isrequired. Additionally, routing information could just be collected froma database that contained all current routing information for eachNPA/NXX range. The pre-audit sub-procedure will provide both a route anda routing case for each NPA/NXX. A routing case is a list of routes thatan NPA/NXX can be routed. Another name for a routing case is a trunkgroup list. The routing case not only provides the list of routes thatan NPA/NXX can be routed, it also indicates the order that must be usedduring the routing procedure. For instance, the routing case may includea set of instructions that the NPA/NXX range must follow in order toroute the call to the route that was approved by the administrator. Inother words, this provides the administrator with a way to guide anNPA/NXX range for routing via a particular route. If a particular routeis busy, the routing case provides other examples as the next best routefor the NPA/NXX range to take. In other words, the first route in arouting case should be the first route taken. If that route iscongested, then the NPA/NXX can take a second route, and so on, untilthe NPA/NXX has either been routed down a particular route or all of thepossibilities have been exhausted.

The hierarchy, rule sets and price sub-procedure is another portion ofthe path determination application according to example embodiments. Anaudit is the process of comparing pre-audit results to the optimalroute. The optimal route is defined as the route that matches a ruleset, a hierarchy, and/or the lowest price calculation. According to oneexample, the rule set may be defined by the administrators. A rule setmay include variables found in the local exchange routing guide (LERG),which is a datasheet that describes information for each of a 150thousand NPA/NXX ranges.

The rule set information may include, but is not limited to: the endoffice switch that owns the NPA/NXX range, the company that owns theNPA/NXX range, the tandem that parents the end office, which allowscompanies to route to a parenting tandem instead of the end officeitself, and other information that could be pertinent to how the rangeshould be routed. The LERG provides information necessary for thirdparty companies to route NPA/NXX ranges that they do not own. Forexample, a rule set could include the following: “If NPA=214 then sendthe NPA/NXX range down route LMN.” However, in this example the NPA/NXXcould match multiple rules sets.

A hierarchy may be used to represent different levels representing routecost. The top level represents the most expensive level, while thebottom would be the least expensive level. Examples of network hierarchylevels are illustrated in FIGS. 2D-2E. Each outgoing route in a switchis assigned to one of these levels in the path determinationapplication. For example, a particular switch might have two routesincluding a long distance route, and a tandem route. If the switch didnot have any routes assigned to the end office level, then that wouldnot preclude that level from remaining in the hierarchy. However, thecarrier would not be able to send any calls to the end office becausethey do not have any associated routes at that level.

Within the hierarchy, the default route may be set to long-distance.Therefore, if a particular NPA/NXX matches no rules sets then it wouldbe set as the default route. A simple example of a hierarchy would bethe following: 1) long-distance, 2) tandem, 3) end office. In thishierarchy example, a route assigned as long-distance is the leastdesirable level an NPA/NXX could take, while a route assigned as an endoffice is the most desirable based on measured costs.

Assume for a moment that two routes and two rule sets exist, with ruleset one assigned to route ABC and rule set two assigned to route XYZ.Route ABC may have a rule set 1 and a tandem hierarchy level. Route XYZmay have a rule set 2 and an end office hierarchy level. Exampleassignments in the path determination application may have a ruleset: 1. Get all NPA/NXX's from the LERG, where any tandemCLLI=‘DLLSTXRI01T’, and 2. Get all NPA/NXX's from the LERG, where EndOffice CLLI=‘CRTNTX35GT2.’

FIG. 2A illustrates a LERG table that may be used to apply the rulesets. Referring to table 200, the LERG table 200 provides ranges214-505, and 214-507, which belong to both rule set one and rule settwo. The numbering plan area code (NPA) 202 represents the first threedigits of a 10 digit NANP telephone number. The NPA, combined with thecentral office code (COC), is the destination code being reported. A NPAis commonly referred to as an area code. The number format is NXX (whereN=2-9, X=0-9). The NXX 204 in the LERG may be referred to as a centraloffice code (COC) or destination code. NXXs are the three digitsfollowing the NPA (area code) in the numbering scheme used by countriesparticipating in the North American numbering plan (NANP).

Other parameters from table 200 include a local access and transportarea (LATA) 206, which defines the area within which the local serviceproviders are permitted to carry traffic. A LATA is defined by athree-position number, each of which has an associated LATA NAME, e.g.,120 for the state of Maine. Some LATA descriptions indicate a fiveposition field for the LATA code. The last two digits are for the LATAsub-zone (in Florida only) which represent equal access exchange areas(EAEAs). The LATA sub-zone is blank in all other cases. For switch LATA,in instances where the switch (or switches in a common building) servesNXXs in two LATAs, the LATA entry might be different from thegeographical LATA of the switch. In such cases the LATA identifies theLATA to which interexchange carriers deliver traffic for access to theNXXs assigned to the particular switch LATA.

Some of the more common LERG fields used are NPA, NXX, operating companynumber (OCN), administrative operating company number (AOCN), localaccess and transport area (LATA), major trading area (MTA), End Office,Local Tandem, B Tandem, C Tandem, D-Tandem, Intra-LATA Tandem, switchhoming arrangement (SHA), special service code (SSC), among other LERGfields.

A switch may be defined in one LATA and its corresponding tandem(s) maybe located in another LATA. For example, a NXX may be associated with arate center that is in one LATA, while being served by a switch inanother LATA for call routing purposes. Although the LATA valuesassociated with a switch, tandem, and/or rate center, relative to anNPA/NXX, are usually all the same values, certain exceptions may existdepending on the network configuration. According to one example, LATA‘99999’ may be found for some records. These are generally cases ofuncommon NXXs which are not associated with a single LATA. Uncommon NXXsmay be assigned to “multiple” carriers (e.g., 411), and certain NPAs mayoverlay more than one LATA. The uncommon NXXs may appear with LATA‘99999.’ The geographical “boundaries” of LATAs are generally within,but do occasionally cross, state boundaries. LATAs generally onlypertain to FCC managed areas in the NANPA. However, for purposes of dataconsistency, LATAs are associated with other NANP countries (e.g., 888is the entire country of Canada) and with U.S. territories that havejoined the NANP since 1984.

The major trading area (MTA) 208 is a coded value used by the U.S.Federal government for determining service areas for some wirelessservice providers. Data in the LERG maps a rate center to the MTA 208.Due to noncontiguous boundaries between MTAs and rate centers there maybe two MTAs associated with a rate center. The end office 210 is aswitching system that establishes line-to-line, line-to-trunk, and/ortrunk-to-line connections, and provides a dial tone to customers.Lineless hosts are not considered end offices. A D-tandem switch 212connects one switch to another and serves as a concentration anddistribution function to minimize direct end office interconnection. TheD-tandem is a switch or connection between an originating switch and thefinal switch call destination. A tandem switch does not alloworigination or termination of telephone calls. Tandems serve adesignated geographic area including specific rate centers.

In some cases, homing arrangements are provided between a switchingentity and certain offices. These are not tandems but the homingrelationships may be provided in the same manner (e.g. files, etc.) asactual switch/tandem homing. Examples of homing arrangements may includesignaling transfer points, end office hosts, 800 SSP offices,intermediate offices, actual switch/POI relationships, etc.

NPA/NXX ranges may belong to more than one rule set. In such a case, thepath determination application uses the hierarchy to resolve theproblem. The hierarchy imposes a choice on NPA/NXX's that belong to morethan one rule set, by automatically choosing the route that has thelowest matching level from the hierarchy as the optimal route to sendthose NPA/NXX ranges.

FIG. 2B illustrates an example hierarchy routing table 240 according toexample embodiments. Referring to FIG. 2B, in this example, assume thata route may be taken from MSC 106 to the end office 110 (Route #1) orfrom the MSC 106 to the tandem 116 (Route #2). The selected route 242would be Route #2, because two rule sets 242 exist which have criteriathat matches both ranges. For example, rule set 1: Get all NPA/NXX'sfrom the LERG, where any tandem CLLI=‘DLLSTXRI01T’, and rule set 2: Getall NPA/NXX's from the LERG, where End Office CLLI=‘CRTNTX35GT2.’ Thedecision to determine the most optimal route is placed in the hands ofthe hierarchy level 246. Now that the hierarchy is used to determine arouting decision, it uses the level of the rule sets to select a route.The rule set at the lowest level on the hierarchy is rule set ‘2’because it is assigned to the “End Office” level. Since rule set ‘1’ isassigned to the “Tandem” level, it is at a higher level on the hierarchyand as a result is not considered an optimal routing selection.

In the event that there are multiple routes at the same level within thehierarchy, for example if there are 2 tandem routes that have rules setsthat allow one or more NPA/NXX ranges, then the path finding applicationmay use ‘price’ to determine the optimal route for those ranges. Theprice determination is performed on a NPA/NXX basis, but the pricing istypically agreed to on an OCN, STATE basis. An example price analysismay include referencing a carrier price list, which may include NPA 214,NXX 502, LATA 552, OCN 123, STATE Texas and a corresponding price0.00321 cents. In this particular case, the NPA/NXX range 214-502 may beparented by a local tandem and a D-tandem, as described by the LERG. Forexample, the LERG may have a record of NPA 214, NXX 502, LATA 552, MTA7, End Office FRBRTXBLGT2, Local Tandem DLLSTXTA05T, and D-TandemDLLSTXRI01T. This record is similar to the first record in FIG. 2A,however in this case a local tandem exists in addition to the D-tandem.

Assuming that an MSC is defined in the path determination application totreat all tandem levels equal, then both tandem connections (localtandem and D-tandem) would be treated by the path determinationapplication to be at the same level in the hierarchy. The wirelesscarrier or in this case, the path determination application now has tomake a decision about the best route to take. The path determinationapplication may reference the pricelists in order to make the routingdecision.

When checking the price list, the path determination application mustdetermine if either of the tandems belongs to the same carrier as theNPA/NXX. If, for example, it is determined that the local tandemDLLSTXRI01T belongs to the same carrier as the NPA/NXX, then there willbe no transiting fee, termination fee, or drop charge associated withterminating NPA/NXX on route to the local tandem DLLSTXRI01T. IfD-tandem DLLSTXTA05T belongs to a different carrier, then there willmost likely be a fee to terminate the call to the D-tandem and the routewith the lowest price would be to the local tandem. The path findingapplication would choose to send the range to the local tandem. Routingthe call may include routing to a tandem, end office, long distancecarrier, an IMT, a SIP route, a mobile switching center, etc.

According to example embodiments, for the audit sub-procedure, theresults of the pre-audit and the decision analysis (the rule sets,hierarchy, and price) are compared to make a final routing decision. Theaudit produces a result referred to as “the difference.” If there is nodifference between the pre-audit sub-procedure, and the decisionanalysis, then the NPA/NXX will remain with the route and routing casethat is currently assigned. However, if a difference does exist, thenthe ultimate decision will be to select to change the route and orrouting case of the NPA/NXX to that of the “decision analysis”, ratherthan staying with the current route and routing case. The audit is wherethe cost is involved to make sure the pre-audit is correct. The“decision analysis” is actually part of the audit process. The decisionanalysis helps determine the proper route, while the audit determines ifthe current routing is equal to the optimal routing by calculating “thedifference.” If the result of the calculation determines that thecurrent routing is not equal to the optimal routing, then the auditsub-procedure determines that the proper route is the route from the“decision analysis.”

When a NPA/NXX range is being evaluated by the route determiner todetermine which route/routing case would be the most optimal to send therange, the route determiner first relies on the hierarchy 250 of FIG.2C. It is important to note that the route determiner always uses theprimary route of the routing case. So the route/routing case may be theprimary route. In the event that there are multiple routes at the samelevel within the hierarchy, for example if there are 3 tandem routes(262, 264 and 266), such as in FIG. 2D, each with multiple routing casesthat have corresponding rules sets that allow the NPA/NXX range for thatparticular path, then the route determiner may use ‘cost’ to determinethe optimal route for those ranges.

The route determiner application proceeds by eliminating variousroute/routing case options. Once the route determiner has eliminated allroute/routing cases that can be eliminated due to various reasons (e.g.,blacklisted routes, overused routes, etc.), if there is still more thanone route/routing case that can accept the NPA/NXX range, then the routedeterminer can perform a cost calculation as illustrated in FIG. 2E.

Referring to FIG. 2E, the hierarchy within a level diagram 270 includesa specific set of cost data or cost metrics 272, including but notlimited to “CLLI rate”, “price list”, “calling rate”, “local pricelist”, “default cost” per hierarchical level. A call route eliminationprocedure 282 is illustrated in the call route selection procedure 280of FIG. 2F, the elimination procedure 282 proceeds by first checkingwhich rule sets are assigned to which routes setup with either an “autorouting case” or “default routing case.” If for example, ‘RTE 3’ was theprimary route on three different routing cases (RC 10, RC 11 and RC 12),and ‘RTE 3’ was setup to use the feature “auto routing case”, then theauto routing case feature would begin to compare all three routing casesto determine the best one based on the alternate routes of each of thethree routing cases. If “auto routing case” determined that RC 10 wasthe best option, then RC 11 and RC 12 could be immediately removed asoptions. This is illustrated in the “elimination” column 282 of FIG. 2F,where RC 10 is circled.

Moving on to the “Cost” column 284 of FIG. 2F, the “default routingcase” feature works similar to the “auto routing case” feature, in thatit is also used as an elimination mechanism. The default routing caseoption does not select which route/routing case is selected to send arange, but rather it eliminates routing cases that are not setup withthe default option. However, it is important to note that the “defaultrouting case” option does not have to be selected on a particular route.The route determiner user could decide that none of the routing casesthat have that particular route as their primary option shouldnecessarily be the “default” routing case. It is only when the option isselected, and at least one other routing case exists that has that routeas its primary route, that this option is actually used. Otherwise noelimination is performed when the route determiner reaches this sectionof the route determination procedure. For example, if ‘RTE 2’ is atandem route that has two routing cases that list ‘RTE 2’ as theirprimary route (RC1, RC2), then the default routing case option willeliminate any and all routing cases that are not setup as default. Sinceonly one routing case can be default for the route, all other routingcases assigned to that route can be deleted automatically. So if neitherRC 2, nor RC 1 were setup as default, then both would be options to sendthe NPA/NXX range. This is the case with RTE 1, where no routing case issetup with either “default routing case” or “auto routing case”, thusallowing both route/routing cases to move on to the next option ‘COST’284 as possible options to send the NPA/NXX range. However, in ourexample, RC 2 has been setup as the default routing case for ‘RTE 2’,therefore RC 1/RTE 2 will be eliminated as a potential route/routingcase option to send the NPA/NXX range.

Regarding the cost analysis 284, if only one route/routing case optionremains, such as routes where the NPA/NXX range can be sent remains,then that would be the route/routing case where the NPA/NXX range wouldbe sent. However, if more than one option exists, then the decision ofwhere to send the NPA/NXX range goes to the cost analysis section 284 ofthe route determiner. The route determiner maintains five cost listswithin its database in order to determine the cost of calls for eachNPA/NXX range being called by the subscribers of the company using theroute determiner software application platform.

The cost lists maintained by the route determiner may include a specificrate for an individual common language location identifier (CLLI), aprice list assigned to a rule set, a long distance calling rate list, alocal price list by an operating company number (OCN), a default costper hierarchical level, and rates by the CLLI. The first rate checked isthe rate by the CLLI. The route determiner allows users to assign aprice to an individual CLLI. A CLLI is an entity such as a tandem or anend office. Any ranges that are homed by the end office, or parented bythe tandem (as specified by the LERG) would be subject to the priceassigned by the user. If a value is assigned to a particular CLLI, Theroute determiner would stop looking for any other values. Therefore,“Rates by CLLI” overrides all other values that may be assigned to anNPA/NXX range that is either homed or parented by the CLLI that wasassigned a rate value.

The route determiner further provides the capability to its users toassign price lists to individual rule sets. Once The route determinerdetermines that the CLLI's associated with this NPA/NXX range do nothave any price assigned to them, it then checks the rule set assigned tothe NPA/NXX range to determine if there is a price list associated withthe NPA/NXX range. If so, the route determiner must check that list todetermine if this particular NPA/NXX range is on the list. If the rangeis on the list, and has a an associated price then the route determineruses that price, and no longer continues to check for other prices orprice lists. However, if there is no price list, or if a price listexists, but the NPA/NXX range being examined is not on the price list,then the route determiner must continue to look for a price for theNPA/NXX range.

The route determiner then checks to see whether or not this range isassigned to a rule set that is at the long distance level. If so, itmust check the long distance price list to determine if the NPA/NXXrange that is being examined is on this list, and if so, what is itsassociated price. If a price is associated with the NPA/NXX range, thenthe route determiner has its price, and will now stop looking throughthe price lists. However, if there is no price found for the range, orif the range is not assigned to a rule set that is assigned to the longdistance level, then the route determiner must continue to search for aprice for the NPA/NXX range being examined.

FIG. 2G illustrates a decision matrix 290 used by the route determinerto determine the exact cost of sending a NPA/NXX range to an end office,tandem, or neutral tandem route. For each of these route types, a checkis performed to determine the cost of sending the NPA/NXX down thatparticular route. In FIG. 2G, the first determination is whether or notthe route in question is a neutral tandem (NT) route. A NT route is ahierarchical level that is assigned to rule sets having routes thattravel to companies that provide discounted rates to carriers totransmit calls to other carriers. If the route is assigned to the“Neutral Tandem” level, then only conditions seven through ten of FIG.2G apply, all other conditions are eliminated. Otherwise, conditions onethrough six (not NT level) would apply.

The next question to be answered is whether or not the rate for the OCNand state of the route CLLI (as defined in the LERG) can be found on thelocal carrier rate list. In the case of a route that is not designatedas “Neutral Tandem”, the OCN and state of the CLLI of the route inquestion can be used to look-up the rate from the local carrier ratelist. In the event that the rate is not found using the OCN and state ofthe route CLLI (either the rate was not found on the local carrier ratelist, or there was no local carrier rate list), then a check isperformed to determine if the OCN of the NPA/NXX that is being analyzedis equal to the OCN of the route being analyzed. If the answer is “Yes”,then the rate to be used is the default terminate rate. If the answer is“No”, then the next question to be answered is whether or not a rate canbe found in the local carrier rate list using the OCN and state of theNPA/NXX CLLI. If the answer to that question is “Yes”, then the NPA/NXXterminate rate (from the local carrier rate list) and the defaulttransit rate (set by the user in the “Default Rates” section) will bothbe used. If the answer to that question was “No”, then the only ratethat applies is the default transit rate.

In the case where the route being checked is designated as “NeutralTandem”, then the CLLI of the route cannot be used. Using rates to a NTor a similar type of company would not make sense because companies likeNT provide discounts to terminate ranges of 3rd party companies, nottheir own ranges. Therefore, The route determiner must use the CLLI of aU-, B-, C-, D-, or T-type, tandem of the NPA/NXX range that is actuallybeing analyzed. Then the route determiner will determine the OCN andstate of that CLLI in order to look up on the same local carrier perminute rate list using the NT column, to obtain the specific rate toterminate calls to the NT for that NPA/NXX. As has been described, andas can be seen in FIG. 2G, it may be necessary to add multiple ratestogether to get the proper rate for a particular NPA/NXX range,depending on which conditions were satisfied.

The “Current Route/RC Analysis” of FIG. 2F is used only when there ismore than one route/routing case with the same cost for a particularNPA/NXX range, even after performing a rates by OCN and defaulthierarchical rates analysis. In this example, the route determinerchecks to determine if the NPA/NXX range being analyzed is currentlyresiding on one of the route/routing cases stored in memory that iscurrently in contention for taking the range. If one of theroute/routing cases that is currently in contention to receive theNPA/NXX range includes that range already, then it is selected as theroute/routing case to send the range. If none of the route/routing casesis currently one of those in contention to take the range, then theprocess continues to the “End Office (EO)—special homing arrangement(SHA)” analysis 288 of FIG. 2G.

FIG. 3 illustrates a system diagram of a path determining systemconfigured to provide one or more routing operations corresponding tothe example embodiments of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, aroute information database 340 may retrieve, store and provide routeinformation used to determine a route for a NPA/NXX range or other calltype that needs to be routed. In order to determine an optimal routingpath to route the call through the network, the route engine 310 mayretrieve at least one routing table from various network entitiesoperating on the network. The route calculation engine 320 may parse therouting table to extract route information that may be used to route thecall through the network. The parsed information may be organized,labeled and stored in the route information database 340. The routereporting engine 330 may determine a number of routes that could be usedto route the call through the network by applying a cost metric to thevarious determined routes and determine an order of the routes used toroute the call. The route reporting engine 330 may also create a routeguide or list of routes used to route the call based on the availableroutes and the determined order of the routes.

If an NPA/NXX range reaches the EO-SHA portion of the routedetermination procedure then it means that there is currently more thanone route/routing case that is in contention to receive the NPA/NXX, theroute/routing case combinations that remain have the same cost, and theNPA/NXX range being analyzed is not currently going down any of thoseroutes that are in contention to receive the NPA/NXX range. The routedeterminer must now determine both the end office CLLI and the specialhoming arrangement (SHA) of the NPA/NXX range being analyzed. The routedeterminer then checks to see where the majority of the ranges arerouted that have that same end office CLLI and SHA. If the routedeterminer determines that one of the route/routing cases that are incontention to receive the NPA/NXX range has at least one more NPA/NXXrange than any of the other route/routing cases that are in contentionto receive the NPA/NXX range, than the route determiner selects thatroute/routing case as the one that will receive the NPA/NXX range.

If none of the routes have any ranges that belong to the same EO CLLIand SHA, then none of the route/routing cases are selected to receivethe NPA/NXX range and the process moves to the next step in theanalysis. Likewise, if there are multiple route/routing cases incontention to receive the NPA/NXX range and they have the same number ofranges with the same end office CLLI and SHA, then the route determinermoves on to the next method of analysis.

A final operation that the route determiner may use is the “pick oldestroute/routing case” selection. This procedure involves the random act ofselecting any of route/routing cases that are in contention to receivethe NPA/NXX. The route determiner performs this selection by selectingthe route that arrived in the database first. This operation is thefinal procedure of selecting a route/routing case for the NPA/NXX rangeto traverse. If the route determiner proceeds to this step in theprocedure, then the decision as to which route/routing case the NPA/NXXrange will take will ultimately be decided here.

The operations of a method or algorithm described in connection with theembodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in acomputer program executed by a processor, or in a combination of thetwo. A computer program may be embodied on a computer readable medium,such as a storage medium. For example, a computer program may reside inrandom access memory (“RAM”), flash memory, read-only memory (“ROM”),erasable programmable read-only memory (“EPROM”), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (“EEPROM”), registers, hard disk, aremovable disk, a compact disk read-only memory (“CD-ROM”), or any otherform of storage medium known in the art.

An exemplary storage medium may be coupled to the processor such thatthe processor may read information from, and write information to, thestorage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integralto the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in anapplication specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”). In the alternative,the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components.For example FIG. 4 illustrates an example network element 400, which mayrepresent any of the above-described network components of the otherfigures.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, a memory 410 and a processor 420 may bediscrete components of the network entity 400 that are used to executean application or set of operations. The application may be coded insoftware in a computer language understood by the processor 420, andstored in a computer readable medium, such as, the memory 410.Furthermore, a software module 430 may be another discrete entity thatis part of the network entity 400, and which contains softwareinstructions that may be executed by the processor 420. In addition tothe above noted components of the network entity 400, the network entity400 may also have a transmitter and receiver pair configured to receiveand transmit communication signals (not shown).

One example embodiment may include a method of determining an optimalrouting path. The method may include retrieving at least one routingtable at operation 502, parsing the at least one routing table andstoring the parsed routing information in a routing database atoperation 504, and determining a plurality of routes that could be usedto route the call through the network by applying at least one costmetric to the plurality of determined routes, at operation 506. Themethod may also include determining an order of the plurality of routesused to route the call at operation 508 and creating a route used toroute the call based on the plurality of routes and the determined orderof the plurality of routes at operation 510.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed, it is to be understood that the embodiments described areillustrative only and the scope of the invention is to be defined solelyby the appended claims when considered with a full range of equivalentsand modifications (e.g., protocols, hardware devices, software platformsetc.) thereto.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of determining an optimal routing path,the method comprising: retrieving at least one routing table; parsingthe at least one routing table and storing the parsed routinginformation in a routing database; determining a plurality of routescomprising local routes and long distance routes that could be used toroute a call through the network; determining an order of the pluralityof routes used to route the call; creating at least one rule set used todetermine the order of the plurality of routes, the rule set comprisingat least one number plan area code/numbering (NPA/NXX) range;determining whether at least one specific numerical value is identifiedin the at least one NPA/NXX range to determine the optimal routing path;determining a price value of the optimal routing path based on theidentified specific numerical value of the NPA/NXX range; and creating aroute used to route the call by applying the at least one rule sets, thedetermined order of the plurality of routes, the identified specificnumerical value of the NPA/NXX range, and the price value of the optimalrouting path.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rule set applies atleast one predetermined range of number plan area code (NPA) andnumbering range (NXX) numbers.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein therule set is a hierarchy that includes at least a long-distance routingtier, tandem routing tier and an end office routing tier.
 4. The methodof claim 1, wherein the rule set further comprises a lowest pricecarrier option.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the rule set is basedon a predetermined number plan area code/numbering (NPA/NXX) range. 6.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one routing table isreceived from a plurality of network elements of the network.
 7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein routing the call comprises routing the callto a tandem, end office, long distance carrier, an inter-machine trunk(IMT), a session initiation protocol (SIP) route, and a mobile switchingcenter.
 8. An apparatus configured to determine an optimal routing path,the apparatus comprising: a receiver configured to retrieve at least onerouting table from a memory; and a processor configured to parse the atleast one routing table and store the parsed routing information in arouting database, determine a plurality of routes comprising localroutes and long distance routes that could be used to route a callthrough the network, determine an order of the plurality of routes usedto route the call, create at least one rule set used to determine theorder of the plurality of routes, the rule set comprising at least onenumber plan area code/numbering (NPA/NXX) range; determine whether atleast one specific numerical value is identified in the at least oneNPA/NXX range to determine the optimal routing path; determine a pricevalue of the optimal routing path based on the identified specificnumerical value of the NPA/NXX range; and create a route used to routethe call by applying the at least one rule set, the determined order ofthe plurality of routes, the identified specific numerical value of theNPA/NXX range, and the price value of the optimal routing path.
 9. Theapparatus of claim 8, wherein the rule set applies at least onepredetermined range of number plan area code (NPA) and numbering rangenumbers (NXX).
 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the rule set is ahierarchy that includes at least a long-distance routing tier, tandemrouting tier and an end office routing tier.
 11. The apparatus of claim8, wherein the rule set is a lowest price carrier option.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 8, wherein the rule set is based on a predeterminednumber plan area code/numbering (NPA/NXX) range.
 13. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the at least one routing table is received from aplurality of network elements of the network.
 14. The apparatus of claim8, wherein routing the call comprises routing the call to a tandem, endoffice, long distance carrier, an inter-machine trunk (IMT), a sessioninitiation protocol (SIP) route, and a mobile switching center.
 15. Anon-transitory computer readable storage medium configured to storeinstructions that when executed cause a processor to perform determiningan optimal routing path, the processor being further configured toperform: retrieving at least one routing table; parsing the at least onerouting table and storing the parsed routing information in a routingdatabase; determining a plurality of routes comprising local routes andlong distance routes that could be used to route a call through thenetwork; determining an order of the plurality of routes used to routethe call; creating at least one rule set used to determine the order ofthe plurality of routes, the rule set comprising at least one numberplan area code/numbering (NPA/NXX) range; determining whether at leastone specific numerical value is identified in the at least one NPA/NXXrange to determine the optimal routing path; determining a price valueof the optimal routing path based on the identified specific numericalvalue of the NPA/NXX range; and creating a route used to route the callby applying the at least one rule sets, the determined order of theplurality of routes, the identified specific numerical value of theNPA/NXX range, and the price value of the optimal routing path.
 16. Thenon-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein therule set applies at least one predetermined range of a number plan areacode (NPA) and numbering range (NXX) numbers.
 17. The non-transitorycomputer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the rule setcomprises a hierarchy that includes at least a long-distance routingtier, tandem routing tier and an end office routing tier.
 18. Thenon-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein therule set is a lowest price carrier option.
 19. The non-transitorycomputer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the rule set isbased on a predetermined number plan area code/numbering (NPA/NXX)range.
 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim15, wherein the at least one routing table is received from a pluralityof network elements of the network.